E le ho phehella ho ts'oara, li-sensor li fokotsa linako tsa potoloho, tšebeliso ea matla le litšila, ho iketsetsa taolo ea ts'ebetso e koetsoeng le tsebo e ntseng e eketseha, ho bula menyetla e mecha ea ho etsa lihlahisoa tse bohlale le mehaho. #sensors #sustainability #SHM
Li-sensor ka ho le letšehali (ho tloha holimo ho ea tlase): mocheso oa mocheso (TFX), li-dielectrics tsa mold (Lambient), li-ultrasonics (Univesithi ea Augsburg), li-dielectrics tse lahliloeng (Synthesites) le pakeng tsa lipeni le li-thermocouples Microwire (AvPro) . ho latela oache): Collo dielectric constant (CP) khahlano le Collo ionic viscosity (CIV), resin resistance against time (Synthesites) le digital model of caprolactam implanted preforms ho sebelisa electromagnetic sensors (CosiMo project, DLR ZLP , University of Augsburg).
Ha indasteri ea lefats'e e ntse e tsoela pele ho tsoa seoa sa COVID-19, e fetohetse ho etelletsa pele ts'ebetso, e hlokang ho fokotsa litšila le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa (joalo ka matla, metsi le thepa). .Empa sena se hloka tlhahisoleseding.Bakeng sa metsoako, data ee e tsoa kae?
Joalokaha ho hlalositsoe lethathamong la lingoloa tsa CW's 2020 Composites 4.0, ho hlalosa litekanyo tse hlokahalang ho ntlafatsa boleng ba karolo le tlhahiso, le li-sensor tse hlokahalang ho fihlela litekanyo tseo, ke mohato oa pele oa tlhahiso e bohlale.Nakong ea 2020 le 2021, CW e tlalehile ka li-sensor-dielectric. li-sensor, li-sensors tsa mocheso oa mocheso, li-fiber optic sensors, le li-non-contact sensors tse sebelisang maqhubu a ultrasonic le electromagnetic-hammoho le merero e bontšang bokhoni ba bona (sheba CW's online sensor content set). thepa, melemo le mathata a bona a tšepisitsoeng, le boemo ba thekenoloji tlas'a nts'etsopele.Habohlokoa, lik'hamphani tse ntseng li hlahella e le baetapele ba indasteri ea lihlopha li se li ntse li hlahloba le ho tsamaisa sebaka sena.
Marang-rang a li-sensor ho CosiMo A marang-rang a li-sensor tse 74 - tse 57 tsa tsona ke li-ultrasonic sensors tse ntlafalitsoeng Univesithing ea Augsburg (tse bonts'itsoeng ka ho le letona, matheba a boputsoa bo bobebe karolong e kaholimo le e tlase ea hlobo) - li sebelisoa bakeng sa sesupo sa Lid bakeng sa T-RTM. ho bopa morero oa CosiMo bakeng sa libeteri tse entsoeng ka thermoplastic.
Sepheo #1: Boloka chelete.The CW's December 2021 blog, "Custom Ultrasonic Sensors for Composite Process Optimization and Control," e hlalosa mosebetsi Univesithing ea Augsburg (UNA, Augsburg, Germany) ho hlahisa marang-rang a li-sensor tse 74 tseo Bakeng sa CosiMo. morero oa ho etsa pontšo ea sekoaelo sa betri ea EV (lisebelisoa tse entsoeng ka har'a lipalangoang tse bohlale) ho UNA le Hlooho ea UNA's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Production Network e Augsburg, e hlalosa hore na ke hobane'ng ha li-sensor li le bohlokoa hakana: "Molemo o moholo oo re fanang ka oona ke pono ea se etsahalang ka har'a lebokose le letšo nakong ea ts'ebetso.Hona joale, bahlahisi ba bangata ba na le mekhoa e fokolang ea ho finyella sena.Ka mohlala, ba sebelisa li-sensor tse bonolo haholo kapa tse khethehileng ha ba sebelisa infusion ea resin ho etsa likarolo tse kholo tsa sefofane.Haeba ts'ebetso ea infusion e sa tsamaee hantle, u na le sekhechana se seholo.Empa haeba u na le litharollo tsa tharollo ea ho utloisisa hore na ho senyehile eng tšebetsong ea tlhahiso le hore na hobaneng, u ka e lokisa le ho e lokisa, e u bolokela chelete e ngata. ”
Thermocouples ke mohlala oa "sensor e bonolo kapa e itseng" e 'nileng ea sebelisoa ka lilemo tse mashome ho shebella mocheso oa li-laminate tse entsoeng ka nako ea autoclave kapa ka ontong curing.Li sebelisoa esita le ho laola mocheso ka liontong kapa likobong tsa ho futhumatsa ho folisa likotoana tsa ho lokisa tse entsoeng ka motsoako. Thermal bonders.Bahlahisi ba Resin ba sebelisa li-sensor tse sa tšoaneng ka laborateng ho shebella liphetoho tsa resin viscosity ka nako le mocheso ho hlahisa mekhoa ea phekolo.Leha ho le joalo, ke eng e hlahang, ke marang-rang a kutlo a ka bonang le ho laola mokhoa oa ho etsa lihlahisoa ka har'a situ. mekhahlelo e mengata (mohlala, mocheso le khatello) le boemo ba thepa (mohlala, viscosity, aggregation, crystallization).
Ka mohlala, sensor ea ultrasonic e ntlafalitsoeng bakeng sa morero oa CosiMo e sebelisa melao-motheo e tšoanang le ea tlhahlobo ea ultrasonic, e fetohileng setsi se seholo sa tlhahlobo e sa senyeheng (NDI) ea likarolo tse entsoeng tse phethiloeng.Petros Karapapas, Principal Engineer at Meggitt (Loughborough, UK), "Sepheo sa rona ke ho fokotsa nako le mosebetsi o hlokahalang bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea kamora tlhahiso ea likarolo tsa nako e tlang ha re ntse re lebile tlhahisong ea dijithale."Setsi sa Materials Center (NCC, Bristol, UK) tšebelisano ho bonts'a ho lekola lesale la Solvay (Alpharetta, GA, USA) EP 2400 nakong ea RTM ho sebelisa sensor ea dielectric ea linear e ntlafalitsoeng Univesithing ea Cranfield (Cranfield, UK) Phallo le pheko ea oxyresin bakeng sa bolelele ba limithara tse 1,3, bophara ba 0.8 m le khetla e entsoeng ka botebo ba 0.4 m bakeng sa mochini o futhumatsang mocheso oa enjene ea lifofane tsa khoebo. "Hona joale, re etsa liphanele tsa liteko haufi le likarolo tsena tsa RTM ebe re etsa liteko tsa mochini ho netefatsa potoloho ea pheko.Empa ka sensor ena, ha ho hlokahale. ”
Collo Probe e qoelisoa ka sekepeng sa ho kopanya pente (selika-likoe se setala ka holimo) ho lemoha ha ho kopanya ho felile, ho boloka nako le matla.Mokoloto oa setšoantšo: ColloidTek Oy
"Sepheo sa rona ha se ho ba sesebelisoa se seng sa laboratori, empa ho tsepamisa maikutlo lits'ebetsong tsa tlhahiso," ho bolela Matti Järveläinen, CEO le mothehi oa ColloidTek Oy (Kolo, Tampere, Finland). The CW January 2022 blog "Fingerprint Liquids for Composites" e hlahloba Collo's. motsoako oa li-sensor tsa lebala la motlakase (EMF), ts'ebetso ea matšoao le tlhahlobo ea data ho lekanya "mekhabiso ea menoana" ea mokelikeli ofe kapa ofe o kang monomers, resin kapa adhesives .“Seo re fanang ka sona ke theknoloji e ncha e fanang ka maikutlo a tobileng ka nako ea sebele, kahoo u ka khona ho utloisisa hantle hore na ts'ebetso ea hau e hlile e sebetsa joang le hore na u itšoara joang ha lintho li sa tsamaee hantle," ho bolela Järveläinen. "Li-sensor tsa rona li fetola data ea nako ea sebele hore e be palo e utloahalang le e ka etsoang, e kang rheological viscosity, e lumellang ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso.Ka mohlala, u ka khutsufatsa linako tsa ho kopanya hobane u ka bona ka ho hlaka ha ho kopanya ho felile.Ka hona, ka O ka eketsa tlhahiso, oa boloka matla le ho fokotsa sekhechana ha se bapisoa le ts'ebetso e sa sebetseng hantle. ”
Sepheo #2: Eketsa tsebo ea ts'ebetso le pono.Bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse kang aggregation, Järveläinen o re, "Ha u bone lintlha tse ngata ho tsoa setšoantšong feela.U ntse u nka sampole ebe u kena ka laboratoring ebe u sheba hore na ho ne ho le joang metsotsong kapa lihora tse fetileng.Ho tšoana le ho khanna ’mileng o moholo, hora e ’ngoe le e ’ngoe Bula mahlo a hao motsotso ’me u leke ho noha hore na tsela e ea kae.”Sause oa lumela, a hlokomela hore marang-rang a sensor a hlahisitsoeng CosiMo "e re thusa ho fumana setšoantšo se feletseng sa ts'ebetso le boitšoaro ba lintho tse bonahalang.Re ka bona litlamorao tsa lehae ts'ebetsong, ho arabela ho Liphapang ka karolo ea botenya kapa lisebelisoa tse kopaneng tse kang foam core.Seo re lekang ho se etsa ke ho fana ka tlhahisoleseling mabapi le se hlileng se etsahalang ka har'a hlobo.Sena se re fa monyetla oa ho tseba lintlha tse fapaneng tse kang sebopeho sa phallo ea phallo, ho fihla ha karolo e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe le tekanyo ea ho bokellana sebakeng se seng le se seng sa sensor. ”
Collo e sebetsa le bahlahisi ba li-adhesives tsa epoxy, lipente esita le biri ho etsa litlaleho tsa ts'ebetso bakeng sa sehlopha se seng le se seng se hlahisoang.Hona joale moetsi e mong le e mong a ka bona matla a ts'ebetso ea bona mme a beha mekhoa e mengata e ntlafalitsoeng, ka litlhokomeliso tsa ho kenella ha lihlopha li se li sa tloaeleha.Sena se thusa. tsitsisa le ho ntlafatsa boleng.
Video ea phallo ea phallo karolong ea CosiMo (monyako oa ente ke letheba le lesoeu bohareng) e le ts'ebetso ea nako, ho ipapisitsoe le data ea tekanyo e tsoang ho netweke ea kutlo ea in-mold. Credit credit: CosiMo project, DLR ZLP Augsburg, University of Augsburg
Karapapas ea Meggitt e re: "Ke batla ho tseba se etsahalang ha ho etsoa karolo e itseng, eseng ho bula lebokose le ho bona se etsahalang ka mor'a moo," ho bolela Meggitt's Karapapas. ho netefatsa ho folisoa ha resin. ”Ho sebelisa mefuta eohle e tšeletseng ea li-sensor tse hlalositsoeng ka tlase (eseng lenane le felletseng, khetho e nyane feela, bafani, le bona), ba ka hlokomela pheko / polymerization le phallo ea resin. Li-sensor tse ling li na le bokhoni bo eketsehileng, 'me mefuta ea sensor e kopaneng e ka atolosa menyetla ea ho latela le ho bona pono. nakong ea ho bōptjoa ha metsoako.Sena se ile sa bontšoa nakong ea CosiMo, e neng e sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ultrasonic, dielectric le piezoresistive in-mode bakeng sa litekanyo tsa mocheso le khatello ea Kistler (Winterthur, Switzerland).
Sepheo sa #3: Fokotsa nako ea potoloho. Li-sensor tsa Collo li ka lekanya ho tšoana ha likarolo tse peli tsa epoxy tse phekolang ka potlako kaha likarolo tsa A le B li kopantsoe le ho kenngoa nakong ea RTM le sebakeng se seng le se seng sa hlobo moo li-sensor tse joalo li behiloeng teng. Sena se ka thusa ho nolofalletsa Li-resin tsa kalafo tse potlakileng bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse joalo ka Urban Air Mobility (UAM), e neng e tla fana ka lipoelo tse potlakileng tsa pheko ha li bapisoa le li-epoxies tsa hona joale tsa karolo e le 'ngoe joalo ka RTM6.
Li-sensor tsa Collo li ka boela tsa shebella le ho bona ka mahlo a kelello epoxy e tlosoa, e kenngoa le ho phekoloa, 'me ha ts'ebetso e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e phethiloe.Ho qetela ho phekola le mekhoa e meng e itšetlehileng ka boemo ba sebele ba thepa e ntseng e sebelisoa (khahlanong le mekhoa ea setso ea nako le mocheso) e bitsoa tsamaiso ea lintho tse bonahalang. (MSM) .Likhamphani tse kang AvPro (Norman, Oklahoma, USA) esale li phehella MSM ka lilemo tse mashome ho latela liphetoho tsa karolo ea thepa le lits'ebetso ha li ntse li hahamalla lipheo tse khethehileng tsa mocheso oa likhalase (Tg), viscosity, polymerization le / kapa. crystallization .Ka mohlala, marang-rang a li-sensor le tlhahlobo ea dijithale ho CosiMo li ne li sebelisetsoa ho fumana nako e fokolang e hlokahalang ho futhumatsa mochine oa khatiso oa RTM le hlobo 'me o fumane hore 96% ea polymerization e phahameng e fihletsoe ka metsotso ea 4,5.
Bafani ba li-sensor tsa dielectric tse kang Lambient Technologies (Cambridge, MA, USA), Netzsch (Selb, Jeremane) le Synthesites (Uccle, Belgium) le bona ba bontšitse bokhoni ba bona ba ho fokotsa linako tsa potoloho. Morero oa R & D oa Synthesites le baetsi ba lihlopha Hutchinson (Paris, France) ) le Bombardier Belfast (eo hona joale e leng Spirit AeroSystems (Belfast, Ireland)) e tlaleha hore ho itšetlehile ka litekanyo tsa nako ea sebele tsa ho hanyetsa resin le mocheso, ka lisebelisoa tsa eona tsa ho fumana lintlha tsa Optimold le Optiview Software e fetohela ho viscosity e hakantsoeng le Tg. "Manufacturers can see the Tg. ka nako ea sebele, e le hore ba ka etsa qeto ea hore na ba emisa nako ea ho folisa neng,” ho hlalosa Nikos Pantelelis, Mookameli oa Synthesites.Mohlala, potoloho ea setso ea RTM6 ke pheko e felletseng ea lihora tse 2 ho 180°C.Re bone hore sena se ka khutsufatsoa ho metsotso e 70 ho lijeometri tse ling.Sena se ile sa boela sa bontšoa morerong oa INNOTOOL 4.0 (bona "Accelerating RTM with Heat Flux Sensors"), moo tšebeliso ea mocheso oa mocheso o khutsufatsang potoloho ea phekolo ea RTM6 ho tloha metsotso ea 120 ho ea ho metsotso ea 90.
Sepheo #4: Taolo e koetsoeng ea mekhoa ea ho ikamahanya le maemo.Bakeng sa morero oa CosiMo, sepheo sa mantlha ke ho iketsetsa taolo e koetsoeng nakong ea tlhahiso ea likarolo tse kopaneng.Ena hape ke sepheo sa merero ea ZAero le iComposite 4.0 e tlalehiloeng ke CW ka 2020 (30-50% ho fokotsa litšenyehelo) .Hlokomela hore tsena li kenyelletsa mekhoa e fapaneng - ho behoa ka mokhoa o ikemetseng oa tepi ea prepreg (ZAero) le fiber spray preforming ha e bapisoa le khatello e phahameng ea T-RTM ho CosiMo bakeng sa RTM e nang le epoxy e phekolang ka potlako (iComposite 4.0). ea merero ena sebelisa li-sensor tse nang le mehlala ea dijithale le li-algorithms ho etsisa ts'ebetso le ho bolela esale pele sephetho sa karolo e phethiloeng.
Taolo ea ts'ebetso e ka nahanoa e le letoto la mehato, Sause o hlalositse.Mohato oa pele ke ho kopanya li-sensor le lisebelisoa tsa ts'ebetso, o itse, "ho bona ka mahlo a kelello se etsahalang ka lebokoseng le letšo le li-parameter tse lokelang ho sebelisoa.Mehato e meng e seng mekae, mohlomong halofo ea taolo e koetsoeng, e khona ho tobetsa konopo ea ho emisa ho kenella, Tobetsa ts'ebetso le ho thibela likarolo tse lahliloeng.E le mohato oa ho qetela, o ka hlahisa lefahla la dijithale, le ka iketsetsang, empa hape le hloka ho tsetela mekhoeng ea ho ithuta ka mochini. ”Ho CosiMo, letsete lena le thusa li-sensor ho fepa data ho lefahla la dijithale, tlhahlobo ea Edge (lipalo tse etsoang pheletsong ea mohala oa tlhahiso khahlano le lipalo tse tsoang polokelong ea data e bohareng) joale e sebelisoa ho bolela esale pele matla a phallo ea phallo, litaba tsa fiber volume per textile preform. le libaka tse ommeng tse ka bang teng. "Ka nepo, o ka theha litlhophiso ho nolofalletsa taolo ea loop e koetsoeng le tokiso ts'ebetsong," Sause o itse. "Tsena li tla kenyelletsa liparamente tse kang khatello ea ente, khatello ea hlobo le mocheso.U ka boela ua sebelisa boitsebiso bona ho ntlafatsa boitsebiso ba hao.”
Ka ho etsa joalo, lik'hamphani li sebelisa li-sensor ho iketsetsa lits'ebetso.Ka mohlala, Synthesites e sebetsa le bareki ba eona ho kopanya li-sensor tse nang le lisebelisoa ho koala sekheo sa resin ha infusion e felile, kapa ho bulela mochine oa mocheso ha sepheo sa pheko se finyelloa.
Järveläinen o hlokomela hore ho tseba hore na ke sensor efe e loketseng nyeoe e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea ts'ebeliso, "o hloka ho utloisisa hore na ke liphetoho life tse teng linthong le ts'ebetsong eo u batlang ho e beha leihlo, ebe o tlameha ho ba le mohlahlobi."Mohlahlobi o fumana lintlha tse bokelletsoeng ke motho ea botsang lipotso kapa yuniti ea ho fumana lintlha.data e tala ebe e e fetolela boitsebisong bo ka sebelisoang ke moetsi. "Ha e le hantle u bona lik'hamphani tse ngata li kopanya li-sensor, empa joale ha li etse letho ka data," Sause o itse.Se hlokahalang, o ile a hlalosa, ke "tsamaiso. ea ho nkuoa ha data, hammoho le meralo ea polokelo ea data ho khona ho sebetsana le data. ”
Järveläinen o re: “Basebelisi ha ba batle feela ho bona data e sa hlahisoang.” Ba batla ho tseba, ‘Na mokhoa oo o ntlafalitsoe?’” Mohato o latelang o ka nkoa neng?” Ho etsa sena, u lokela ho kopanya lisensara tse ngata. bakeng sa tlhahlobo, ebe o sebelisa ho ithuta ka mochini ho potlakisa tšebetso. ”Mokhoa ona oa tlhahlobo le mokhoa oa ho ithuta mochini o sebelisoang ke sehlopha sa Collo le CosiMo o ka finyelloa ka limmapa tsa viscosity, mehlala ea lipalo ea phallo ea resin e ka pele, le Bokhoni ba ho laola liparamente tsa ts'ebetso le mochini o bonoa.
Optimold ke analyzer e entsoeng ke Synthesites bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa eona tsa dielectric. E laoloa ke Synthesites 'Optiview software, yuniti ea Optimold e sebelisa litekanyo tsa mocheso le ho hanyetsa resin ho bala le ho bonts'a li-graph tsa nako ea sebele ho shebella boemo ba resin ho kenyeletsa motsoako oa motsoako, botsofali ba lik'hemik'hale, viscosity, Tg. le tekanyo ea pheko.E ka sebelisoa mekhoeng ea ho etsa prepreg le mokelikeli.Sehlopha se arohaneng sa Optiflow se sebelisoa bakeng sa ho hlahloba phallo.Synthesites e boetse e hlahisitse simulator ea pheko e sa hlokeng sensor ea ho folisa hlobo kapa karolo, empa ho e-na le hoo e sebelisa Sensor ea mocheso le li-resin / prepreg disampole setsing sena sa analyzer. "Re sebelisa mokhoa ona oa morao-rao bakeng sa ho kenya le ho phekola ka sekhomaretsi bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lehare la mochini oa moea," ho boletse Nikos Pantelelis, Mookameli oa Synthesites.
Sisteme ea taolo ea tšebetso ea Synthesite e kopanya li-sensor, Optiflow le/kapa Optimold diyuniti tsa ho fumana data, le OptiView le/kapa Online Resin Status (ORS) software.Mokitlane oa setšoantšo: Synthesites, e hlophisitsoeng ke The CW
Ka hona, boholo ba barekisi ba li-sensor ba iketselitse li-analyzers tsa bona, ba bang ba sebelisa ho ithuta ka mochini 'me ba bang ha ba etse joalo.Empa baetsi ba metsoako ba ka boela ba iketsetsa mekhoa ea bona ea tloaelo kapa ba reka lisebelisoa tse sa sebetseng le ho li fetola ho finyella litlhoko tse itseng.Leha ho le joalo, bokhoni ba ho hlahloba ke ntlha e le nngwe feela e lokelang ho nahanoa.Ho na le tse ding tse ngata.
Ho kopana ho boetse ho nahanoa ka bohlokoa ha u khetha hore na u sebelise sensor efe.Sensor e ka 'na ea hloka ho kopana le thepa, motho ea botsang lipotso, kapa ka bobeli.Ka mohlala, mocheso oa mocheso le lisebelisoa tsa ultrasonic li ka kenngoa ka har'a hlobo ea RTM 1-20mm ho tloha. bokaholimo - ho beha leihlo ka nepo ha ho hloke ho kopana le lintho tse ka har'a hlobo. Li-sensor tsa ultrasonic li ka boela tsa hlahloba likarolo tse tebileng tse fapaneng ho itšetlehile ka makhetlo a sebelisoang. ka makhetlo a ho hlongoa lipotso - le ka lijana tse se nang tšepe kapa lisebelisoa tse amanang le resin.
Leha ho le joalo, li-microwires tsa magnetic (sheba "Tlhokomelo e sa amaneng le mocheso le khatello ea ka hare ho metsoako") hona joale ke tsona feela li-sensor tse khonang ho hlahloba li-composites tse ka bang bolelele ba 10 cm. e kentsoe ka har'a thepa e kopantsoeng.Sensor ea microwire ea AvPro ea ThermoPulse, e kentsoeng ka har'a lera la sekhomaretsi, e 'nile ea hlongoa lipotso ka 25mm e teteaneng ea carbon fiber laminate ho lekanya mocheso nakong ea ho kopanya. Ha li ame li-diameter tse kholoanyane tsa 100-200 microns, li-fiber optic sensors li ka boela tsa kenngoa ntle le ho senya thepa ea mohaho. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, kaha li-sensor tsa dielectric li sebelisa voltage ho lekanya thepa ea resin, li tlameha ho hokahanngoa le motho ea botsang lipotso, 'me tse ngata li tlameha ho kopana le resin eo li e shebileng.
Sensor ea Collo Probe (ka holimo) e ka qoelisoa ka har'a metsi, ha Collo Plate (ka tlaase) e kenngoa leboteng la sekepe / sekepe se kopanyang kapa mokhoa oa piping / feed line.Setšoantšo sa mokitlane: ColloidTek Oy
Bokhoni ba mocheso oa sensor ke ntho e 'ngoe e ka sehloohong ea ho nahanela.Ka mohlala, boholo ba li-ultrasonic sensors tse tsoang ka holim'a shelf hangata li sebetsa mocheso ho fihlela ho 150 ° C, empa likarolo tsa CosiMo li hloka ho thehoa mocheso o ka holimo ho 200 ° C. Ka hona, UNA e ile ea tlameha ho rala sensor ea ultrasonic e nang le bokhoni bona.Lambient's disposable dielectric sensors e ka sebelisoa karolong e ka holimo ho 350 ° C, 'me li-sensor tsa eona tse ka sebelisoang hape ka hlobo li ka sebelisoa ho fihlela ho 250 ° C.RVmagnetics (Kosice, Slovakia) sensor ea eona ea microwire bakeng sa lisebelisoa tse kopantsoeng tse ka mamellang ho phekola ka 500 ° C. Le hoja theknoloji ea sensor ea Collo ka boeona e se na moeli oa mocheso oa theoretical, thebe ea khalase ea mocheso bakeng sa Collo Plate le ntlo e ncha ea polyetheretherketone (PEEK) bakeng sa Collo Probe ka bobeli li lekoa. bakeng sa mosebetsi o tsoelang pele ho 150 ° C, ho latela Järveläinen.Ho sa le joalo, PhotonFirst (Alkmaar, The Netherlands) e sebelisitse seaparo sa polyimide ho fana ka mocheso oa ho sebetsa oa 350 ° C bakeng sa sensor ea eona ea fiber optic bakeng sa morero oa SuCoHS, bakeng sa ts'ebetso e tsitsitseng le e theko e boima- motsoako o sebetsang hantle oa mocheso o phahameng.
Ntho e 'ngoe eo u lokelang ho nahana ka eona, haholo-holo bakeng sa ho kenya, ke hore na sensor e lekanya ntlha e le' ngoe kapa ke mochine o motlakase o nang le lintlha tse ngata tsa ho lemoha.Ka mohlala, Com & Sens (Eke, Belgium) li-fiber optic sensors li ka ba bolelele ba limithara tse 100 'me li hlahisa holimo. ho 40 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing points with the minimal spacing of 1 cm. Li-sensor tsena li 'nile tsa sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahlobo ea bophelo bo botle (SHM) ea marokho a kopantsoeng a bolelele ba limithara tse 66 le tlhokomelo ea ho phalla ha resin nakong ea ho tšeloa ha li-decks tse kholo tsa borokho. li-sensor tsa ntlha tsa motho ka mong bakeng sa morero o joalo li ne li tla hloka li-sensor tse ngata le nako e ngata ea ho kenya.NCC le Univesithi ea Cranfield ba batla melemo e tšoanang bakeng sa lisele tsa bona tsa dielectric tsa linear.Ha li bapisoa le li-sensor tsa dielectric tsa ntlha e le 'ngoe tse fanoang ke Lambient, Netzsch le Synthesites, " Ka sensor ea rona ea mohala, re ka lekola phallo ea resin ka nako e telele, e fokotsang haholo palo ea li-sensor tse hlokahalang karolong kapa sesebelisoa. ”
AFP NLR bakeng sa Li-Sensors tsa Fiber Optic Setsi se khethehileng se kenyelelitsoe mocha oa 8 oa hlooho ea Coriolis AFP ho beha lisebelisoa tse 'nè tsa fiber optic sensor ho mocheso o phahameng, carbon fiber e matlafalitsoeng ke lisebelisoa tsa tlhahlobo ea composite.Mokitlane oa setšoantšo: SuCoHS Project, NLR
Li-sensor tsa Linear li boetse li thusa ho kenya li-automate.Mo projekeng ea SuCoHS, Royal NLR (Dutch Aerospace Center, Marknesse) e ile ea theha yuniti e khethehileng e kopantsoeng le setsi sa borobeli sa Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) hlooho ea Coriolis Composites (Queven, France) ho kenya lihlopha tse 'nè ( arohaneng fiber optic lines), e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe e na le li-sensor tse 5 ho isa ho tse 6 tsa FBG (PhotonFirst e fana ka kakaretso ea li-sensor tse 23), ka har'a liphanele tsa tlhahlobo ea fiber ea carbon.RVmagnetics e behile li-sensor tsa eona tsa microwire ka har'a rebar ea GFRP e entsoeng ka pultruded. nako e telele bakeng sa li-microwires tse ngata tse kopantsoeng], empa li behoa ka mokhoa o tsoelang pele ha rebar e hlahisoa, "ho boletse Ratislav Varga, mothehi-'moho oa RVmagnetics.“U na le microwire e nang le 1km microwire.li-coil tsa filament le ho li fepa sebakeng sa tlhahiso ea rebar ntle le ho fetola tsela eo rebar e entsoeng ka eona. ”Ho sa le joalo, Com & Sens e ntse e sebetsa ho thekenoloji e ikemetseng ho kenya li-fiber-optic sensors nakong ea ts'ebetso ea maqhubu a maqhubu ka likepeng tsa khatello.
Ka lebaka la bokhoni ba eona ba ho tsamaisa motlakase, carbon fiber e ka baka mathata ka li-sensor tsa dielectric. Li-sensor tsa dielectric li sebelisa li-electrode tse peli tse behiloeng haufi le tse ling. Tabeng ena, sebelisa filthara.Sensor ea linear dielectric e entsoeng ke Univesithi ea Cranfield le NCC e sebelisa mokhoa o fapaneng, ho kenyelletsa le lipara tse peli tse sothehileng tsa lithapo tsa koporo. e nang le polymer e sireletsang e sa ameng sebaka sa motlakase, empa e thibela carbon fiber hore e se ke ea fokotseha.
Ha e le hantle, litšenyehelo le tsona ke taba.Com&Sens e bolela hore theko e tloaelehileng ka ntlha ea ho lemoha ha FBG ke li-euro tse 50-125, tse ka theohelang ho hoo e ka bang li-euro tse 25-35 haeba li sebelisoa ka lihlopha (mohlala, bakeng sa likepe tse 100,000 tsa khatello).(Sena ke karoloana feela ea matla a hona joale le a lekanyelitsoeng a tlhahiso ea likepe tsa khatello ea metsoako, bona CW's 2021 sehlooho se buang ka hydrogen.) Meggitt's Karapapas o re o fumane limpho bakeng sa melapo ea fiber optic le li-sensor tsa FBG tse ka bang £ 250 / sensor (≈300 € / sensor), motho ea botsang lipotso o na le chelete e kaalo ka £10,000 (€12,000). "Sensor ea motlakase eo re e lekileng e ne e tšoana le terata e koahetsoeng eo u ka e rekang shelefong," o ile a eketsa. mofuputsi ea phahameng) ho Composites Process Science Univesithing ea Cranfield, "ke sehlahlobi sa impedance, se nepahetseng haholo 'me se bitsa bonyane £30,000 [≈ €36,000], Empa NCC e sebelisa lipotso tse bonolo haholoanyane tseo ha e le hantle li kenyelletsang ho tloha sethaleng. li-module tse tsoang k'hamphaning ea khoebo ea Advise Deta [Bedford, UK].Li-Synthesites li qotsa €1,190 bakeng sa li-sensor tse ka har'a hlobo le €20 bakeng sa li-sensor tsa tšebeliso e le 'ngoe/karolo Ka EUR, Optiflow e qotsitsoe ho EUR 3,900 le Optimold ho EUR 7,200, ka litheolelo tse ntseng li eketseha bakeng sa likarolo tse ngata tsa analyzer.Litheko tsena li kenyelletsa software ea Optiview le efe kapa efe. tšehetso e hlokahalang, Pantelelis o ile a re, a phaella ka hore baetsi ba lehare la moea ba boloka lihora tsa 1.5 ka potoloho, ba eketsa li-blades ka mohala ka khoeli, 'me ba fokotsa tšebeliso ea matla ka karolo ea 20 lekholong, ka ho khutlela licheleteng tsa likhoeli tse' nè feela.
Lik'hamphani tse sebelisang li-sensor li tla rua molemo ha li-composites 4.0 tlhahiso ea digital e fetoha. Ka mohlala, o re Grégoire Beauduin, Mookameli oa Ntšetso-pele ea Khoebo ho Com & Sens, "Ha baetsi ba likepe ba khatello ba leka ho fokotsa boima ba 'mele, tšebeliso ea thepa le litšenyehelo, ba ka sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa rona ho lokafatsa. meralo ea bona le ho beha leihlo tlhahiso ha ba ntse ba fihla maemong a hlokahalang ka 2030. Li-sensor tse tšoanang tse sebelisetsoang ho lekola maemo a khatello ka har'a mekhahlelo nakong ea ho felloa ke matla le ho folisa li ka boela tsa beha leihlo botšepehi ba tanka nakong ea lipotoloho tse likete, ho bolela esale pele tlhokomelo e hlokahalang le ho netefatsa hape qetellong ea moralo. bophelo.Re ka fana ka letamo la data la dijithale bakeng sa sekepe se seng le se seng sa khatello e entsoeng, 'me tharollo e ntse e ntlafatsoa bakeng sa lisathelaete. ”
Ho nolofaletsa mafahla le likhoele tsa dijithale Com&Sens e sebetsa le moetsi oa metsoako ho sebelisa li-sensor tsa eona tsa fiber optic ho etsa hore data ea dijithale e phalle ka moralo, tlhahiso le ts'ebeletso (ka ho le letona) ho ts'ehetsa likarete tsa ID tsa dijithale tse tšehetsang lefahla la dijithale la karolo ka 'ngoe (ka ho le letšehali) e entsoeng. Mokitlane oa setšoantšo: Com & Sens le Figure 1, "Engineering with Digital Threads" ka V. Singh, K. Wilcox.
Ka hona, data ea sensor e tšehetsa lefahla la digital, hammoho le khoele ea digital e kopanyang moralo, tlhahiso, ts'ebetso ea ts'ebeletso le ho felloa ke nako. e boetse e fetotse tsela eo liketane tsa phepelo li sebetsang ka eona.Ka mohlala, moetsi oa sekhomaretsi oa Kiilto (Tampere, Finland) o sebelisa li-sensor tsa Collo ho thusa bareki ba eona ho laola karo-karolelano ea likarolo tsa A, B, joalo-joalo thepa ea bona ea ho kopanya e nang le likarolo tse ngata. "Kiilto Järveläinen o re joale e khona ho fetola sebopeho sa likhomaretsi tsa eona bakeng sa bareki ka bomong, empa e boetse e lumella Kiilto ho utloisisa hore na li-resin li sebelisana joang lits'ebetsong tsa bareki, le hore na bareki ba sebelisana joang le lihlahisoa tsa bona, e leng ho fetolang tsela eo phepelo e etsoang ka eona.Liketane li ka sebetsa hammoho. ”
OPTO-Light e sebelisa li-sensor tsa Kistler, Netzsch le Synthesites ho lekola pheko ea likarolo tsa CFRP tsa thermoplastic overmolded epoxy.
Li-sensor li boetse li tšehetsa lisebelisoa tse ncha tse ncha le metsoako ea ts'ebetso.E hlalositsoe sehloohong sa CW sa 2019 mabapi le morero oa OPTO-Light (sheba "Thermoplastic Overmolding Thermosets, 2-Minute Cycle, One Battery"), AZL Aachen (Aachen, Germany) e sebelisa mehato e 'meli. tshebetso ho horizontally compress a le mong Ho (UD) carbon faeba/epoxy prepreg, ebe overmolded le 30% lekgutshwanyane khalase faeba matlafatsoa PA6. Senotlolo ke ka karolo e itseng feela ea ho phekola prepreg e le hore reactivity setseng ka epoxy ka etsa hore bonding ho thermoplastic. .AZL e sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa Optimold le Netzsch DEA288 Epsilon tse nang le Synthesites le Netzsch dielectric sensors le Kistler in-mold sensors le software ea DataFlow ho ntlafatsa molding ea ente. ho utloisisa boemo ba pheko e le hore ho be le kamano e ntle le thermoplastic overmolding,” ho hlalosa moenjiniere oa lipatlisiso oa AZL, Richard Schares."Nakong e tlang, ts'ebetso e kanna ea fetoha, 'me e bohlale, ho potoloha ha tšebetso ho bakoa ke matšoao a sensor."
Leha ho le joalo, ho na le bothata bo boholo, ho bolela Järveläinen, “’me hoo ke ho hloka kutloisiso ha bareki mabapi le mokhoa oa ho kopanya lisensara tsena tse fapaneng tšebetsong ea tsona.Likhamphani tse ngata ha li na litsebi tsa sensor. ”Hajoale, tsela e eang pele e hloka baetsi ba li-sensor le bareki Fapanyetsana tlhahisoleseling ho ea pele le pele.Mekhatlo e kang AZL, DLR (Augsburg, Germany) le NCC e ntse e ntlafatsa tsebo ea li-sensor tse ngata.Sause o re ho na le lihlopha ka hare ho UNA, hammoho le spin-off. lik'hamphani tse fanang ka ho kopanya kutlo le litšebeletso tsa mafahla a digital.O phaella ka hore marang-rang a tlhahiso ea Augsburg AI e hirile setsi sa lisekoere-mithara tse 7,000 bakeng sa morero ona, "ho atolosa moralo oa nts'etsopele ea CosiMo ho ea sebakeng se pharaletseng haholo, ho kenyelletsa le lisele tse hokahaneng tsa automation, moo balekane ba indasteri. e ka beha mechini, ea tsamaisa merero le ho ithuta ho kopanya litharollo tse ncha tsa AI. ”
Carapappas o boletse hore pontšo ea sensor ea dielectric ea Meggitt ho NCC e ne e le mohato oa pele feela ho seo. tlhokeho le hore na ke lisebelisoa life tsa ho odara.Digital automation e ntse e tswela pele. ”
Rea u amohela ho SourceBook ea inthaneteng, e tsamaellanang le khatiso ea selemo le selemo ea CompositeWorld ea Tataiso ea Bareki ba Indasteri ea SourceBook Composites.
Spirit AeroSystems e kenya tšebetsong moralo o bohlale oa Airbus bakeng sa A350 Center Fuselage le Front Spars ho Kingston, NC.
Nako ea poso: May-20-2022
